Class 6 Social Science Question Answer
Chapter 4 Timeline and Sources of History
Timeline and Sources of History
Question Answers
Class 6 – Social Science
Short-Answer Questions and Answers (20-30 words each):
1. How do we measure historical time?
Historical time is measured in years, decades (10 years), centuries (100 years), and millennia (1,000 years). Historians use BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) to arrange events in order.
2. What is the significance of a timeline in history?
A timeline shows the order of historical events, helping us understand what happened first and how different events are connected over time.
3. What are the main sources of history?
The main sources include archaeological remains (tools, buildings), written records (books, manuscripts), and oral traditions (stories, songs) that help us learn about the past.
4. Define fossils and their importance in history.
Fossils are remains of ancient plants and animals preserved in rocks or soil. They help scientists learn about early life forms and past environments.
5. What is the difference between BCE and CE?
BCE (Before Common Era) refers to years before the birth of Jesus, while CE (Common Era) refers to years after his birth. BCE dates count backward, and CE dates count forward.
6. List two branches of science that help us learn about history.
Archaeology studies ancient objects and structures, while anthropology studies human societies and cultures to understand how people lived in the past.
7. What role do archaeologists play in reconstructing history?
Archaeologists study and dig up ancient remains like tools, pottery, and buildings to understand how early humans lived and what they used in daily life.
8. Why are ancient calendars important in studying history?
Ancient calendars help us understand how early people measured time, planned festivals, and organized their daily lives, agriculture, and religious events.
9. What were the primary activities of early humans?
Early humans were hunters and gatherers, collecting fruits and plants, hunting animals, making tools, discovering fire, and later settling near rivers for farming.
10.What is the significance of pottery in ancient civilizations?
Pottery was used for storing food and water, cooking, and trade. It helps archaeologists learn about ancient cultures, technologies, and ways of life.
Long-Answer Questions and Answers (40-60 words each):
1. Explain how various sources help historians reconstruct the past.
Historians use different sources to understand the past. Archaeological sources like monuments, tools, and inscriptions provide physical evidence. Written records like manuscripts and books give detailed accounts, while oral traditions pass down stories and customs. Scientists also help by studying ancient climates, fossils, and DNA to uncover history.
2. Describe the different ways in which time is measured in history.
Time in history is measured in years, decades (10 years), centuries (100 years), and millennia (1,000 years). The Gregorian calendar is widely used, but other calendars like the Hindu and Chinese calendars exist. Historians use BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) to arrange events properly.
3. Discuss the evolution of human settlements from early hunter-gatherers to agricultural societies.
Early humans were nomads who hunted animals and gathered plants. Over time, they discovered fire and tools. Around 12,000 years ago, they started farming and domesticating animals, which led to permanent settlements. Villages formed near rivers, leading to trade, governance, and eventually the development of cities and civilizations.
4. How do archaeologists and historians collaborate to understand historical events?
Archaeologists study ancient remains, like tools and buildings, while historians analyze written records and oral traditions. By combining findings, they confirm facts about past civilizations. Scientific methods like carbon dating also help determine the age of historical objects, making history more accurate.
5. Explain the importance of oral and written sources in the study of history.
Oral sources, like folktales and traditions, preserve history in societies without written records. Written sources, such as manuscripts and historical texts, provide detailed events and dates. Both types of sources help historians cross-check facts and understand ancient cultures and beliefs.
6. Discuss how different scientific studies contribute to reconstructing the past.
Scientific methods like carbon dating determine the age of fossils and artifacts. DNA studies show human ancestry, while climate studies reveal past environmental conditions. Chemical analysis of materials helps understand ancient trade and diet. These studies give historians more accurate information about past civilizations.
7. Describe the different professions that contribute to the study of history and their roles.
Historians analyze written records, archaeologist study ancient remains, and anthropologist examine human cultures. Epigraphists decode ancient inscriptions, while geneticists study DNA to trace fossils histroy. Each profession plays a role in uncovering historical facts and improving our understanding of the past.
8. What were the major milestones in the early development of human civilizations?
Major milestones include the discovery of fire, tool-making, the beginning of agriculture, the domestication of animals, the formation of villages, the invention of writing, and the rise of cities. These developments helped early humans settle, communicate, and create organized societies.
9. How did early humans adapt to their environment, and what technological advancements helped them survive?
Early humans adapted by making stone tools, discovering fire for warmth and cooking, and using animal skins for clothing. They developed hunting weapons, learned to farm, and built shelters. Later, they made pottery, used metal tools, and started trading goods to improve their way of life.
10.Compare and contrast the use of different calendars (e.g., Gregorian, Hindu, Chinese) in measuring historical time.
The Gregorian calendar is used worldwide, based on the solar year. The Hindu calendar follows the moon and sun for religious events. The Chinese calendar is also lunisolar and follows a 12-year zodiac cycle. While the Gregorian calendar is common for global events, other calendars remain important for cultural traditions.
General Knowledge (GK) questions based on chapter
1. Who defined history as "an unending dialogue between the present and the past"?
Answer: E.H. Carr
2. What are the four main types of experts who study history and the Earth's past?
Answer: Geologists, Palaeontologists, Anthropologists, Archaeologists
3. Which calendar is commonly used worldwide today?
Answer: The Gregorian Calendar
4. What does 'CE' stand for in historical dates?
Answer: Common Era
5. What is the study of ancient inscriptions called?
Answer: Epigraphy
6. What is a fossil?
Answer: Impressions of footprints or parts of plants or animals preserved within
layers of soil or rocks
7. What does a timeline help us understand in history?
Answer: It helps in understanding the order and sequence of historical events
8. Who was born around 560 BCE, according to historical records?
Answer: Gautama Buddha
9. What are the sources of history classified into?
Answer: Archaeological Sources, Literary Sources, Oral Sources, Artistic Sources
10.What is a millennium?
Answer: A period of 1,000 years
11.Which material was first used by early humans for making tools before iron?
Answer: Copper
12.What type of early human settlements are mentioned in the document?
Answer: Rock shelters, caves, and temporary camps
13.Which period followed the Ice Age and led to agricultural developments?
Answer: The Neolithic period (New Stone Age)
14.What does 'BCE' stand for in historical dating?
Answer: Before Common Era
15.What is a pañchānga?
Answer: A traditional Indian calendar that relies on the sun and moon to define months
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